Las experiencias traumáticas y los factores de estrés en la infancia históricamente se han pasado por alto como factores predisponentes en el desarrollo de diversos trastornos de dolor crónico y trastornos psiquiátricos, como fibromialgia, síndrome del intestino irritable, insomnio, depresión, ansiedad, trastorno de estrés postraumático y síndrome de fatiga crónica. Sin embargo, la tendencia está cambiando ya que la investigación está revelando una correlación significativa entre el trauma infantil y la salud de los adultos.
El sistema nervioso central se desarrolla rápidamente durante la infancia y está condicionado para responder a diversos estímulos estresantes y que se encuentran en la vida. Como se encuentran una variedad de estímulos ambientales, nuevos caminos se crean entre las células del cerebro en respuesta a cada estímulo. Por ejemplo, una experiencia agradable, como un abrazo de un padre o un alimento dulce crea vías que enseñan el cerebro para responder con placer a esos estímulos. Del mismo modo, una experiencia aterradora creará y vías de ejercicio que responden con miedo. Este proceso de creación de nuevas vías en respuesta a los estímulos se denomina neuroplasticidad. A medida que envejecemos, disminuye la plasticidad neuronal, lo que significa que es más difícil desarrollar nuevas vías y ajustar las respuestas del cerebro a los estímulos. Los niños están en una clara ventaja de poseer un alto grado de plasticidad neuronal. Sin embargo, esto también pone de relieve la importancia de la entrega de estímulos significativos para el cerebro en desarrollo, para asegurar el desarrollo de las vías positivas.
En presencia de un fuerte sistema de apoyo y normales, los factores de estrés de corta duración, las respuestas al estrés de un niño son activados adecuadamente y tamponarse a través de relaciones de apoyo. De esta manera, las vías positivas están desarrollando en el cerebro y la formación del sistema nervioso cómo responder apropiadamente a los factores de estrés normales de la vida. A medida que el cerebro se encuentra con diversos factores de estrés, una elasticidad sana se construye de modo que las circunstancias cada vez más estresantes son capaces de ser experimentado con respuestas biológicas normales.
En ausencia de relaciones de apoyo o en presencia de factores estresantes extremos y / o de larga duración, la respuesta al estrés se activa de forma inapropiada y puede impactar negativamente en el desarrollo del cerebro y el sistema neurológico. A medida que las regiones del cerebro que son responsables de miedo, ansiedad y respuestas impulsivas se activan, las vías nerviosas se desarrollan a favor de estas regiones del cerebro. Posteriormente, las regiones del cerebro que son responsables para el razonamiento, la planificación y el control del comportamiento pueden carecer de vías adecuadas, lo que lleva a una propensión hacia las emociones negativas como el miedo, la ansiedad, ataques de pánico y depresión.
La respuesta al estrés humana provoca una cascada de eventos que afectan el cerebro, sistema neurológico, y varias glándulas endocrinas y las hormonas, lo que explica su amplia influencia sobre la salud. La respuesta al estrés comienza con neuronas que experimentan estrés o estímulos ambientales, la traducción de los estímulos en los mensajes, y enviar esos mensajes a lo largo de caminos diferentes regiones del cerebro para su interpretación y respuesta. Durante estas actividades, la producción de sustancias químicas del cerebro, conocidas como neurotransmisores, se activan. Los neurotransmisores entregar mensajes a otras regiones del cerebro y otros órganos. Estos productos químicos se comunican con las glándulas suprarrenales (del sistema endocrino), que luego producen hormonas tales como cortisol y epinefrina (adrenalina). Estas hormonas son responsables de la tradicional respuesta de “lucha y huida” a los factores estresantes traumáticos o peligrosas. Si bien estos son útiles si tenemos que esquivar un accidente de bola o coche, la activación crónica de estas hormonas puede debilitar la salud del sistema inmunológico, el intestino, los sistemas de energía, y la percepción del dolor, lo que contribuye a diversos problemas de salud tales como el síndrome del intestino irritable, El síndrome de fatiga crónica y la fibromialgia. Cuando la respuesta al estrés es más activa durante la infancia, se vuelve excesivamente alerta y tiene dificultades para mantener el equilibrio en la edad adulta. El síndrome de fatiga crónica y la fibromialgia. Cuando la respuesta al estrés es más activa durante la infancia, se vuelve excesivamente alerta y tiene dificultades para mantener el equilibrio en la edad adulta. El síndrome de fatiga crónica y la fibromialgia. Cuando la respuesta al estrés es más activa durante la infancia, se vuelve excesivamente alerta y tiene dificultades para mantener el equilibrio en la edad adulta.
De acuerdo con la Red Nacional de Estrés Traumático Infantil, los factores estresantes traumáticos más comunes que afectan a los niños incluyen, accidentes, trauma físico, el abuso, el abandono y la exposición a la violencia doméstica y la comunidad. Otros factores estresantes impactantes incluyen la muerte de un miembro de la familia, el divorcio, el abuso de drogas o alcohol, y los desastres naturales. Cuando son encontrados durante la infancia, estos factores estresantes traumáticos precondición del sistema neurológico y el sistema de respuesta al estrés para producir respuestas exageradas a los estímulos normales. La fibromialgia y el síndrome de intestino irritable son dos ejemplos de respuestas neurológicas hipervigilantes. estímulos normales, como el viento sopla en la cara o la ropa roce contra la piel pueden producir sensaciones dolorosas en las personas con fibromialgia, que ilustra una respuesta de dolor exageradas. factores de estrés normales de activación del sistema neurológico para estimular de manera inapropiada los músculos del intestino, dando lugar a estreñimiento y diarrea alternando espástica, es un signo clásico de síndrome de intestino irritable. La respuesta de dolor también se ve aumentada en los pacientes con síndrome del intestino irritable, causando dolor abdominal.
En la actualidad, se desconocen las causas específicas de las enfermedades asociadas con el dolor crónico y la fatiga, como la fibromialgia y el síndrome de fatiga crónica. sin embargo, casi dos décadas de investigación han señalado fuertemente los factores estresantes de la primera infancia como factores de riesgo importantes para iniciar estas condiciones. Aunque no todos los niños que han estado expuestos a factores estresantes traumáticos experimentarán calamidades emocionales y de salud física, las investigaciones muestran que los niños expuestos a eventos traumáticos o estresantes de larga duración tienen 2.7 veces más probabilidades de experimentar condiciones somáticas funcionales (condiciones funcionalmente debilitantes para las cuales no se puede determinar la causa), como fibromialgia, síndrome de fatiga crónica, dolor crónico, síndrome del intestino irritable y otros. Adicionalmente, estas condiciones existen comúnmente con trastornos psiquiátricos como la ansiedad y la depresión. La edad a la que se experimenta un trauma o estrés, su duración, e incluso el tipo de trauma no parece cambiar esta estadística alarmante.
Teniendo en cuenta la creciente prevalencia de enfermedades somáticas funcionales, problemas emocionales y psiquiátricos, es importante tener en cuenta la influencia de las experiencias de la infancia en el desarrollo de estas enfermedades. Espaciarse en un trauma pasado no siempre es útil en el apoyo a la salud y la curación, y de hecho puede ser contraproducente; Sin embargo, la comprensión de su influencia sobre la salud es útil para poder identificar adecuadamente las condiciones de salud escurridizos como la fibromialgia. También es importante entender el propósito de proteger a las generaciones futuras de los efectos debilitantes de trauma infantil y los factores de estrés. Por último, sirve como un buen ejemplo del éxito de un enfoque de la medicina funcional,
Nuevo libro del Dr. Brady, The Fix Fibro, le dará una gran cantidad de información sobre cómo negociar su camino hacia conseguir el diagnóstico correcto y el tratamiento adecuado para sus síntomas de dolor generalizado y fatiga. El libro se puede pedir en Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Books-A-Million y otros vendedores de libros finos, o al FibroFix.com. También, aprender más sobre el Fibro Fijar Cumbre , donde el Dr. Brady entrevistas más de 30 expertos en FM en FibroFixSummit.com.
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