Fibromyalgi-pasienter hører ofte ordene “Du ser så bra ut. Hvordan kan du være syk? “Eller kanskje er de ufølsomme ordene” fibromyalgi alt i hodet ditt “. Løpende og nylig forskning; bekrefter imidlertid virkeligheten av denne usynlige sykdommen. Denne informasjonen tillater personer med fibromyalgi og andre lignende usynlige sykdommer å presse ut uten tvil og finne validering for sine komplekse sykdommer. Enda viktigere, å forstå ny forskning bidrar til å gi retning og identifiserer naturlige valg for sunn smertebehandling med fibromyalgi.
Hva er betennelse?
Betennelse er en del av kroppens helbredelsesprosess. Uten betennelse ville infeksjoner og sår ikke helbrede. Men betennelse kan også være potensielt skadelig. Det er to typer betennelser, akutt og kronisk. Akutt betennelse kommer plutselig fra en skade eller infeksjon. Den presenterer klassiske symptomer som hevelse, rødhet og smerte.
Akutt betennelse er kortvarig, varig fra noen dager til et par uker, avhengig av opprinnelsen til betennelsen. Kronisk betennelse er langvarig betennelse som varer i måneder og år. Det kommer sakte og setter scenen for kroniske sykdommer. Hjertesykdom, autoimmune sykdommer, nevrologiske sykdommer, diabetes, kreft, Alzheimers, leddgikt og mange andre forhold er knyttet til kronisk betennelse.
Forskerteam finner utbredt betennelse i hjernen til fibromyalgi pasienter
PET-bildestudier avslører forhøyet glialaktivering, korrelasjon med tretthet. En studie har dokumentert for første gang utbredt betennelse i hjernen til pasienter med dårlig forstått tilstand som kalles fibromyalgi.
En studie fra Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) forskere – samarbeidet med et team ved Karolinska Institutet i Sverige – har dokumentert for første gang utbredt betennelse i hjernen til pasienter med dårlig forstått tilstand som kalles fibromyalgi. Deres rapport er publisert online i tidsskriftet Brain, Behavior and Immunity .
“Vi har ikke gode behandlingsmuligheter for fibromyalgi, så identifisering av et potensielt behandlingsmål kan føre til utvikling av innovative og mer effektive behandlinger,” sier Marco Loggia, PhD, på MGH-baserte Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, senior forfatter av rapporten. “Og å finne objektive nevrokemiske endringer i hjernen hos pasienter med fibromyalgi bør bidra til å redusere vedvarende stigma som mange pasienter står overfor, ofte blir fortalt at symptomene deres er imaginære, og det er ingenting som er noe galt med dem.”
Den nåværende studien gir bevis for forhøyet TSPO-binding, målt med CPBR28 PET, hos pasienter med fibromyalgi (FM) sammenlignet med friske kontroller (HC). Denne markøren for glialaktivering ble økt i flere hjerneområder implisert i FM-patologi fra tidligere neuroimaging-studier. Vi rapporterer også positive sammenhenger mellom TSPO PET-signal i flere av disse områdene og subjektive grader av tretthet, et av de vanligste symptomene som rapporteres av FM-pasienter (Clauw, 2014, Wolfe et al., 2011). Våre observasjoner støtter en rolle for nevroimmun / glialaktivering i FM-patologi.
Disse resultatene samsvarer med en rekke kliniske data som tyder på mulig sammenheng mellom nevrologi og FM. Flere studier av FM-pasienter viste forhøyede CSF-nivåer av molekyler som var involvert i nevrologisk signalering, slik som fraktalkin og IL-8.
Fibromyalgi og neuroinflammasjon
Betennelse har blitt et stadig viktigere tema i fibromyalgi. Det er klart at “sentral sensibilisering” – en økning i smertefølsomhet utviklet av sentralnervesystemet er tilstede i fibromyalgi (og andre kroniske smerteforstyrrelser). Pro-inflammatoriske nervefaktorer er produsert av en inflammatorisk prosess, de nervefaktorene sender de smerteproducerende nervene til en tizzy og kan være årsaken til den sentrale sensibiliseringen.
Neuroinflammasjon er da en stor mulighet i FM, men det har ikke vært lett å måle det. Bare nylig har man utviklet hjernediagnostikk, som kan være i stand til å måle nevrologi som er tilstede i FM. Denne studien forsøkte å komme på spørsmålet om nevrolinflammasjon på en annen måte. I nyere tid har det vært økt interesse for de ulike cellene i hjernen som spiller en rolle i betennelse og overfølsomhet.
En slik celle som er kjent for å spille en sentral rolle i de inflammatoriske responsene i hjernen er microglia. Hjernen har en ganske tett befolkning av dem. Men før vi ser mer inn i rollen som microglia i hjerneinflammasjon og hyperreaksjon, la oss forstå mer om betennelse og relasjon mellom hjerne og perifere inflammatoriske sykdommer. Tross alt er FM vanligvis startet av en helsetilstand som rammer perifere organer.
Mekanisme for betennelse
Betennelse er en defensiv mekanisme. Når kroppen står overfor et smittsomt middel eller lokalt traume, blir det anerkjent og praktisk talt spist opp (smittsomt middel, rusk, annet fremmedlegeme) av cellene kalt makrofager. Makrofager spiller også en sentral rolle i å starte en immunrespons, og de gjør det ved å utskille cytokiner og kjemokiner.
Kjemokiner er budbringere som tiltrekker seg andre typer defensive celler til området, mens cytokiner er mer komplekse budbringere som sender informasjonen om stress og angrep på ulike celler og deler av kroppen. Kort tid etter den første inflammatoriske reaksjonen følger sykdom, noe som resulterer i forhøyet kroppstemperatur, smerte og tap av interesse i alt rundt.
Det er en tid da hjernens sentre kommer til handling. Det er de spesifikke sentrene i hjernen som hever kroppstemperaturen slik at kontrollen av mikrobiell vekst (økning i kroppstemperaturen er regulert defensiv mekanisme). Hjernen vår prøver å spare energi ved å tvinge oss til å ta hvile, redusere sosial samhandling, fysiske aktiviteter.
Vi vet at uavhengig av plasseringen av den inflammatoriske responsen, spiller hjernen en sentral rolle i å kontrollere ulike responser. Det reiser spørsmålet om mekanismen som ligger til grunn for informasjonsutvekslingen mellom punktet for betennelse (som ofte er langt borte fra hjernen) og hjernen. Det skjer på to måter, for det første gjennom sendebudene kalt cytokiner, og for det andre, gjennom innganger fra nerver
Behandling for å redusere neuroinflammasjon
Vi har allerede bevis på at behandlinger som spesielt reduserer betennelsesnivåer i hjernen, kan redusere fibromyalgi symptomer. Mange av det vi tenker på som antiinflammatoriske medisiner (som ibuprofen eller andre ikke-steroide antiinflammatoriske midler) virker ikke bra på hjerneinfarkt, men det er noen behandlinger som gjør det. Low-dose naltrexon (LDN) er den mest effektive, som er en medisinering, men hovedsakelig foreskrevet av alternative medisineleverandører, som de fleste vestlige medisinske leger ikke er kjent for sin bruk for smerte.
En opiatblokkerende medisin er kjent som naltrexon som foreskrives i høyere doser (50 mg) for å behandle opiat og alkoholavhengighet. LDN senker betennelse i sentralnervesystemet når det brukes i svært lave doser (1-5 mg doseringsområde).
Det er spesifikke reseptorer på immuncellene i hjernen som kalles glialceller, LDN virker på dem og forteller dem å gå tilbake til dvalemodus og slutte å frigjøre inflammatoriske kjemikalier. I to studier gjort ved Stanford University ble LDN vist å redusere fibromyalgi smerte betydelig, og også redusert smerteoverfølsomhet.
Urtebehandling for å behandle betennelse
Gurkemeie: I hundrevis av år har dette gule krydderet blitt brukt som antiinflammatorisk i ayurvedisk medisin. Den aktive bestanddelen er et kjemikalie som kalles curcumin, hvilken forskning har vist seg å ha antiinflammatoriske effekter i hjernen.
Grønn te: En kjemisk kalt EGCG (-) – epigallocatechin-3-gallat er vist å være “sterkt defensiv mot betennelse, oksidativ skade og celledød” i hjernen. Det er hentet fra grønn te.
Cruciferous grønnsaker: Sulforaphane er et ekstrakt fra brokkoli og det beskytter mot hjernebetennelse og reduserer skade på nevroner.
Antiinflammatoriske kosttilskudd inkluderer:
- >>> omega-3 fettsyrer
- >>> gurkemeie >>> ingefær
- >>> CoQ10
- >>> rhodiola rosea
Mange leger anbefaler antiinflammatorisk diett for betennelsestilstand, men vi har ikke nok forskning på det. Folk starter ofte med strengt begrenset diett, fordi alles inflammatoriske utløsere er ikke det samme, og legger deretter tilbake i en type mat om gangen for å sjekke hvilke matvarer som er problematiske.
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