Vous avez probablement entendu parler de la fibromyalgie, mais vous ne savez peut-être pas ce que c’est. La fibromyalgie est une douleur chronique (chronique) qui affecte au moins 5 millions d’Américains âgés de 18 ans et plus. Pour des raisons inconnues, la plupart des personnes chez qui la fibromyalgie a été diagnostiquée sont des femmes, bien que les hommes et les garçons puissent également être touchés. Les personnes atteintes de certains troubles, tels que la polyarthrite rhumatoïde ou le lupus, peuvent également être atteintes de fibromyalgie, ce qui peut influer sur l’évolution de leur maladie et de leur traitement.
La fibromyalgie peut affecter considérablement la santé, le bien-être et la qualité de vie.
“Les personnes atteintes de fibromyalgie souffrent de douleurs quotidiennes sévères qui se propagent dans tout le corps”, explique le Dr Leslie J. Crofford, chercheur à l’Université Vanderbilt et bénéficiant du soutien des NIH. “Sa douleur est souvent accompagnée d’une fatigue débilitante, d’un sommeil qui ne les rafraîchit pas et de problèmes de pensée et de mémoire.”
Diagnostic complexe
Les personnes atteintes de fibromyalgie consultent souvent de nombreux médecins avant de recevoir finalement un diagnostic. Les principaux symptômes, douleur et fatigue, se chevauchent avec ceux de nombreuses autres affections, ce qui peut compliquer le diagnostic.
“Pour rendre les choses plus difficiles, il n’y a pas de tests sanguins ou de radiographies anormales chez les personnes atteintes de la maladie”, explique Crofford. Sans test de diagnostic spécifique, certains médecins peuvent se demander si la douleur d’un patient est réelle. “Même les amis, la famille et les collègues de travail peuvent avoir du mal à comprendre les symptômes de la personne.”
Un médecin familier avec la fibromyalgie peut poser un diagnostic en fonction des critères établis par l’American College of Rheumatology. Les symptômes diagnostiques comprennent des antécédents de douleur généralisée qui dure plus de 3 mois et d’autres symptômes tels que la fatigue. Lors du diagnostic, les médecins tiennent compte du nombre de zones de douleur ressenties par le patient la semaine dernière dans le corps et éliminent les autres causes de la maladie.
Parce que ce n’est pas complètement compris
La cause de la fibromyalgie n’est pas complètement comprise. De nombreux facteurs contribuent probablement.
“Nous savons que les personnes atteintes de fibromyalgie ont des changements dans la communication entre le corps et le cerveau”, explique Crofford. Ces changements peuvent amener le cerveau à interpréter certaines sensations comme douloureuses, ce qui n’est peut-être pas gênant pour les personnes qui en sont dépourvues.
Les chercheurs ont découvert plusieurs gènes pouvant affecter le risque de développer une fibromyalgie. Les événements stressants de la vie peuvent également jouer un rôle.
La fibromyalgie n’est pas une maladie évolutive, elle ne s’aggrave donc pas avec le temps et peut même s’améliorer. Il n’est jamais mortel et n’endommagera pas les articulations, les muscles ou les organes internes.
Traitement
Les médicaments peuvent aider à soulager certains des symptômes de la fibromyalgie, mais pas tous. “Les traitements pharmacologiques en eux-mêmes n’entraînent pas la rémission ou la guérison de la fibromyalgie”, déclare Crofford. “Nous avons appris que l’exercice peut fonctionner aussi bien ou mieux que les médicaments. En outre, des thérapies telles que le tai-chi, le yoga et la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale peuvent également aider à réduire les symptômes. “
Les personnes atteintes de fibromyalgie ont souvent les meilleurs résultats lorsqu’elles sont traitées par plusieurs thérapies.
“Il est extrêmement important que les prestataires de soins de santé aident les patients à comprendre la fibromyalgie et fournissent des informations réalistes sur les traitements, en mettant l’accent sur l’utilisation de l’exercice et d’autres thérapies physiques avec des médicaments.”
Crofford dit. Crofford et ses collègues étudient si un traitement appelé TENS (stimulation nerveuse électrique transcutanée) peut aider les personnes atteintes de fibromyalgie à faire de l’exercice plus confortablement et à réduire la douleur. Elle-même et d’autres équipes financées par les NIH recherchent également des marqueurs sanguins de la fibromyalgie susceptibles d’aboutir à des traitements plus spécifiques et plus efficaces.
Si vous ou une de vos connaissances êtes atteinte de fibromyalgie, cochez la case “Options judicieuses” pour des conseils sur la manière de réduire votre impact.
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